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Term Definition Example
acquisition acquisition
the act of buying or taking over another company The tech firm announced the acquisition of a smaller startup.
arbitrage arbitrage
the simultaneous buying and selling of securities, currency, or commodities in different markets in order to take advantage of differing prices for the same asset Traders use sophisticated algorithms to spot arbitrage opportunities.
asset asset
a useful or valuable thing, person, or quality; property owned by a person or company The company's most valuable asset is its portfolio of patents.
austerity austerity
a set of economic policies implemented with the aim of reducing government budget deficits through spending cuts or tax increases The government's austerity measures were unpopular with the public.
bear market bear market
a market in which share prices are falling, encouraging selling Investors are cautious during a bear market.
bull market bull market
a market in which share prices are rising, encouraging buying The long bull market has created significant wealth for investors.
capital capital
wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization, available for a particular purpose such as starting a company or investing They need to raise more capital to fund their new research and development.
commodity commodity
a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee The price of oil and other commodities has been volatile.
dividend dividend
a sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits The company announced a higher-than-expected dividend this quarter.
due diligence due diligence
a comprehensive appraisal of a business undertaken by a prospective buyer, especially to establish its assets and liabilities and evaluate its commercial potential Before the acquisition, the firm conducted thorough due diligence.
equity equity
the value of the shares issued by a company; the value of a company divided among its shareholders He has a significant equity stake in the business.
fiscal fiscal
relating to government revenue, especially taxes The government's fiscal policy aims to stimulate economic growth.
inflation inflation
the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling Central banks often raise interest rates to combat high inflation.
leverage leverage
the use of borrowed capital for an investment, with the expectation that the after-tax profit will be greater than the interest paid The company used leverage to finance its expansion, which is a high-risk strategy.
liability liability
a state of being legally responsible for something; a debt or financial obligation The company has significant liabilities due to outstanding loans.
liquidity liquidity
the availability of liquid assets (cash) to a market or company The company faced a liquidity crisis and was unable to pay its short-term debts.
logistics logistics
the detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, or supplies The logistics of delivering aid to the disaster zone are incredibly complex.
merger merger
the combination of two or more companies, either by creating a new one or by one absorbing the other The merger of the two tech giants created a new industry leader.
monopoly monopoly
the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service The company was accused of having a monopoly on the software market.
outsourcing outsourcing
the business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally performed in-house Many companies are outsourcing their customer service operations to other countries.
portfolio portfolio
a range of investments held by a person or organization A diversified investment portfolio helps to mitigate risk.
revenue revenue
the total income generated by the sale of goods or services related to the company's primary operations The company's annual revenue exceeded $10 billion for the first time.
shareholder shareholder
an owner of shares in a company The shareholders will vote on the proposed merger at the annual meeting.
subsidiary subsidiary
a company controlled by a holding (or parent) company The corporation owns several smaller subsidiaries in different sectors.
venture capital venture capital
capital invested in a project in which there is a substantial element of risk, typically a new or expanding business The startup secured a significant amount of venture capital funding.