Unspecified Past Actions / Life Experiences
Used for completed actions at an unknown or unimportant time in the past, often within a time frame like
ever, in the last 10 years, or this year.
I have been to Paris
(in the last 10 years).
Have you ever eaten sushi?
Actions and States that Started in the Past and Continue to the Present
Used for actions *or states* that began in the past and continue up to the present moment. We often use ‘for’ or ‘since’ with this meaning to talk about how long they have continued.
I have lived in New York for 5 years.
She has been a teacher since 2015.
They have known each other for a long time.
Recent Past Actions With Present Results
Used for actions that were completed very recently, often with an effect on the present moment.
Someone has broken the window. (There is broken glass on the floor)
She has lost her keys! (She can’t find them now)
Change Over Time
Used for actions that have changed over time, from the past to the present. The change can be positive or negative.
I have improved my skills over time.
He has grown in confidence.
